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DAM COURSE
A course or layer of impervious material in a wall or floor to prevent
the upward or downward migration of moisture. Also called Damp-proof;
commonly abbreviated to dpc.
DIMENSIONS (OF UNITS)
See SIZE (OF UNITS).
DOGS TOOTH
Bricks laid so that their corners project from the face of the wall, usually
at external corners other than 90 degrees.
DRIP
A projecting piece of material so shaped as to throw off water and prevent
its running down the face of the wall or other surface of which it is
a part.
EFFLORESCENCE
A white or coloured powder, often furry in appearance that is sometimes
formed on the surface of brickwork by the deposition of soluble salts.
EXPANSION JOINT
See CONTROL GAP.
FACE
The long surface of a brick to be exposed in a wall, or the exposed surface
of a wall.
FOOTING
That part of a building designed to transfer loads to the foundation.
FOUNDATION
The earth supporting building elements.
FROG
A depression in one (or sometimes both) of the bed surfaces of a pressed
back.
FULL-BRICK (HOUSE)
Construction in which the roof and ceiling are supported off brick external
and internal walls. The external wall is almost invariably composed of
two leaves with a cavity between them. Compare with BRICK-VENEER (HOUSE).
FURRING
A method of finishing the inside of a brick wall so as to provide an air
space for insulation, to prevent transmittance of moisture and to level
up irregularities in the wall surface. May consist of wood or metal strips
attached to the wall to which sheet finishes are applied.
GATHERING
The reduction of the brickwork opening between the top of the fireplace
and the flue.
GROUNDS
Nailing strips, usually wood, pieced in brick walls to which trim or furring
is attached.
GROUT
In un-reinforced brickworks, mortar of a consistency such that it will
flow without segregation of the materials. In reinforced brickwork, an
especially made concrete-like material that will flow without segregation.
HACKING
Scarring the face of a surface to provide key for an applied finish such
as plaster.
HARD BURNED
See BRICK - Hard Fired.
HAUNCH
That portion of an arch between the springer the crown.
HEAD
The short surface of a brick which may or may not be exposed in a wall.
HEADER
A brick laid with its greatest dimension perpendicular to the face of
the wall. Generally used to tie two skins of brickwork together. Also
the end of a brick showing on the face of a wall. See also SNAP HEADER.
HEADER COURSE
Also called Heading Course. A continuous bonding course of header units.
HIT AND MISS BRICKWORK
Brick in which the perpends are larger than normal and do not contain
mortar so that a perforated wall is formed.
HYDRATED LIME
Quicktime to which sufficient water has been added to convert the oxides
to hydroxides. This is usually a factory process and the dried product
is sold bags as Dry Hydrated Lime.
JAMB
The vertical sides of opening in brickwork.
JOINT
The layer of mortar between two bricks which bonds them together.
- Beaded Joint. A joint with a convex surface.
- Bed Joint. The horizontal layer of mortar
on which the brick is laid.
- Concave Joint. A joint with a concave surface.
- Cross Joint. See PERPEND.
- Flush Joint. Joint trowelled to a smooth
surface flush with the brickwork.
- Head Joint. See PERPEND.
- Raked Joint. Joint raked out to give a
key for plaster or to accentuate the line of the joints.
- Struck Joint. A mortar joint which has
been finished with the trowel, the mortar being left at a slight angle
to the face of the brickworks.
LATERAL SUPPORT (OF WALLS)
Means whereby walls are braced either vertically or horizontally by buttresses
or crosswalls or by floor or roof constructions. In brick veneer construction
lateral support is provided by the loadbearing frame to which the brickwork
is connected, usually with material ties.
LEAD
The section of a wall built up and stepped back on successive courses
at the corner of a building. A string line is attached to the leads and
the wall is then built up between them.
LEAF
Each continuous vertical 90mm, 100mm or greater section or thickness of
brickwork. Also called Skin and sometimes, incorrectly, WITHE (or Wythe).
LIME
See HYDRATED LIME.
LIME PUTTY
Hydrated lime in a plastic form ready to be added to mortar.
LINTEL
A beam of various materials, including reinforced brickwork, placed over
an opening in a wall to carry the superimposed weight above.
LIPPING
Laying brick so that the top edge of the unit is set in from the plane
surface of the wall.
LOAM
See BRICK SAND. A term commonly used in Queensland and Tasmania.
MASONRY
An assembly of bricks, blocks or stone held together with mortar in the
spaces between the units.
MASONRY (UNIT)
A brick, block, stone or other similar building unit.
MASONRY CEMENT
A factory prepared mixture of cement, plasticising agent and sometimes
colouring agents and water proofers. Sand and water are added on the site
to prepare mortar.
MODULAR BRICK
See BRICK - Modular.
MOISTURE EXPANSION
An increase of the dimensions of a fired clay unit after exposure to moist
air. The amount of expansion varies with different clays, making and firing
methods.
MORTAR
A plastic moisture of cementitious materials, fine aggregate (sand) and
water which complies with the requirements of SAA Standards AS A123 and/or
Appendix A of AS 1640.
MOVEMENT JOINT
See CONTROL GAP.
NIB
A small projection of brickwork from the face of a wall.
NOMINAL SIZE (OF BRICKS)
Size in name only. Often used to describe the manufacturers' target size,
but the word has other confused uses and it is recommended that it be
no longer employed.
OVERHAND WORK
The process of building a wall with the face away from the bricklayer.
PARGING
Also called Pargetting. The process of applying a coat of mortar to the
back of the facing material or the face of the backing material, commonly
used on the inside of a chimney flue.
PERPEND
The vertical mortar joint between the heads of bricks. See also HEAD JOINT
and CROSS JOINT.
PIER
A column of brickwork.
- Isolated Pier. A free-standing pier which
may or may not be loadbearing.
- Engaged Pier. A pier which is bonded to
a wall. Also called an Attached Pier or Pilaster.
PIER AND PANEL CONSTRUCTION
Walls, usually freestanding, in which the lateral stability is dependent
to some degree upon the support provided by piers.
PIG (In a Wall)
A pig describes a situation in which, for any given height at both ends
of a wall, there is a different number of courses.
POINTING
Trowelling mortar into a joint after the brick is laid.
POROSITY
The volume of the pore space of a brick expressed as a percentage of the
total volume of the piece. Compare ABSORPTION.
 
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